• The UK MoD is funding a study into extending Type 45 destroyers, after abandoning the Type 83 replacement programme for CCVs.
  • Type 45s are receiving major upgrades, including extra Sea Ceptor missile cells and a Power Improvement Project, through 2032.
  • A decision on extension is due in 2027-28, with the new Hybrid Navy distributed air-defence architecture still unproven and immature.