• Debris analysis shows the Oreshnik missile relies almost entirely on Russian and Belarusian semiconductors, not advanced Western or Chinese components.

  • Early strikes used parts mainly from 2014 to 2018, but May 2026 debris shows over half were manufactured in 2023 to 2025.

  • This suggests Russia has moved from depleting Soviet-era stockpiles to actively rebuilding production, challenging assumptions behind current sanctions policy.